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    <li><a href="#对于固定长度的list如何删除添加元素呢">对于固定长度的list，如何删除添加元素呢</a></li>
    <li><a href="#动态长度的-list">动态长度的 List</a>
      <ul>
        <li></li>
      </ul>
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    <article class="post">
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            <h1 class="post-title">《Dart之List相关》</h1>
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        <date class="post-meta meta-date">
            2021年5月25日
        </date>
        
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            <span>|</span>
            
            <span class="meta-category"><a href='/categories/Flutter'>Flutter</a></span>
            
            <span class="meta-category"><a href='/categories/dart'>dart</a></span>
            
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            <span id="busuanzi_container_page_pv">|<span id="busuanzi_value_page_pv"></span><span>
                    阅读</span></span>
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                <div class="toc-title">文章目录</div>
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        <div class="post-content">
            <blockquote>
<p>要说，List在我的开发使用中，确实是最为频繁的了，那么如何使用list，也就成了一个问题，list提供的方法又有哪些</p>
<p>这些都是需要掌握理解的。</p>
</blockquote>
<p>首先第一个，</p>
<h2 id="对于固定长度的list如何删除添加元素呢">对于固定长度的list，如何删除添加元素呢</h2>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-dart" data-lang="dart"><span style="color:#66d9ef">void</span> main() {
  <span style="color:#75715e">// 声明一个固定长度的集合
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>  List<span style="color:#f92672">&lt;</span><span style="color:#66d9ef">int</span><span style="color:#f92672">&gt;</span> numList <span style="color:#f92672">=</span> List(<span style="color:#ae81ff">5</span>);

  numList[<span style="color:#ae81ff">0</span>] <span style="color:#f92672">=</span> <span style="color:#ae81ff">1</span>;
  numList[<span style="color:#ae81ff">1</span>] <span style="color:#f92672">=</span> <span style="color:#ae81ff">2</span>;
  numList[<span style="color:#ae81ff">2</span>] <span style="color:#f92672">=</span> <span style="color:#ae81ff">3</span>;
  numList[<span style="color:#ae81ff">3</span>] <span style="color:#f92672">=</span> <span style="color:#ae81ff">4</span>;
  numList[<span style="color:#ae81ff">4</span>] <span style="color:#f92672">=</span> <span style="color:#ae81ff">5</span>;

  print(<span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;遍历元素：&#39;</span>);
  <span style="color:#66d9ef">for</span> (<span style="color:#66d9ef">int</span> value <span style="color:#66d9ef">in</span> numList) {
    print(value);
  }

  print(<span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;----更新第一个元素为 10------&#39;</span>);

  numList[<span style="color:#ae81ff">0</span>] <span style="color:#f92672">=</span> <span style="color:#ae81ff">10</span>;

  print(<span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;遍历元素：&#39;</span>);
  numList.forEach((value) <span style="color:#f92672">=&gt;</span> print(value));

  print(<span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;----将第一个元素置为NULL---&#39;</span>);

  numList[<span style="color:#ae81ff">0</span>] <span style="color:#f92672">=</span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">null</span>;

  print(<span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;遍历元素：&#39;</span>);
  <span style="color:#66d9ef">for</span> (<span style="color:#66d9ef">int</span> i <span style="color:#f92672">=</span> <span style="color:#ae81ff">0</span>; i <span style="color:#f92672">&lt;</span> numList.length; i<span style="color:#f92672">++</span>) {
    print(<span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;</span><span style="color:#e6db74">${</span>numList[i]<span style="color:#e6db74">}</span><span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;</span>);
  }
}

</code></pre></div><h2 id="动态长度的-list">动态长度的 List</h2>
<p>我们直接看示例：对于动态长度的list，</p>
<p>声明一：</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-dart" data-lang="dart"><span style="color:#66d9ef">void</span> main() {
  <span style="color:#75715e">// 动态长度的 集合
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>  List<span style="color:#f92672">&lt;</span><span style="color:#66d9ef">int</span><span style="color:#f92672">&gt;</span> list <span style="color:#f92672">=</span> List();

  list.add(<span style="color:#ae81ff">1</span>);
  list.add(<span style="color:#ae81ff">2</span>);

  list.forEach((value) <span style="color:#f92672">=&gt;</span> print(<span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;</span><span style="color:#e6db74">$</span>value<span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;</span>));
  print(<span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;&#39;</span>);
  
  list.removeAt(<span style="color:#ae81ff">0</span>);
  list.forEach((value) <span style="color:#f92672">=&gt;</span> print(<span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;</span><span style="color:#e6db74">$</span>value<span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;</span>));
  print(<span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;&#39;</span>);
  
  list.add(<span style="color:#ae81ff">3</span>);
  list[<span style="color:#ae81ff">0</span>] <span style="color:#f92672">=</span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">null</span>;
  list.forEach((value) <span style="color:#f92672">=&gt;</span> print(<span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;</span><span style="color:#e6db74">$</span>value<span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;</span>));
}
</code></pre></div><p>声明二：</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-dart" data-lang="dart"><span style="color:#75715e">// 这样也是一个动态的集合
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>  List<span style="color:#f92672">&lt;</span><span style="color:#66d9ef">String</span><span style="color:#f92672">&gt;</span> letterList <span style="color:#f92672">=</span> [<span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;A&#34;</span>, <span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;B&#34;</span>, <span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;C&#34;</span>];

  letterList.add(<span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;D&#34;</span>);
  letterList.add(<span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;E&#34;</span>);

  letterList.forEach((letter) <span style="color:#f92672">=&gt;</span> print(<span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;</span><span style="color:#e6db74">$</span>letter<span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;</span>));


</code></pre></div><h5 id="循环遍历-list-中的数据">循环遍历 List 中的数据</h5>
<pre><code>///代码清单 1-1
List&lt;String&gt; testList = [&quot;test1&quot;, &quot;xioming&quot;, &quot;张三&quot;, &quot;xioming&quot;, &quot;张三&quot;, &quot;李四&quot;];

///方式一 遍历获取List中的所有数据
testList.forEach((value) {
  //value 就是List中对应的值
});

///方式二 遍历获取List中的所有的数据
for(int i=0;i&lt;testList.length;i++){
  ///根据索引获取List中的数据
  var value = testList[i];
}

//方式三
//while+iterator迭代器遍历，类似Java中的iteator       
while(testList.iterator.moveNext()) {
  //获取对应的值
  var value = testList.iterator.current;
  
}

//方式四 增强for循环
//for-in遍历       
for (var value in testList) {
  //value 就是List中对应的值
}



</code></pre><h5 id="list-数据转-map-数据">List 数据转 Map 数据</h5>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-java" data-lang="java">  <span style="color:#75715e">///代码清单 1-2
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>List<span style="color:#f92672">&lt;</span>String<span style="color:#f92672">&gt;</span> testList <span style="color:#f92672">=</span> <span style="color:#f92672">[</span><span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;test1&#34;</span><span style="color:#f92672">,</span> <span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;xioming&#34;</span><span style="color:#f92672">,</span> <span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;张三&#34;</span><span style="color:#f92672">,</span> <span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;xioming&#34;</span><span style="color:#f92672">,</span> <span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;张三&#34;</span><span style="color:#f92672">,</span> <span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;李四&#34;</span><span style="color:#f92672">];</span>
    print<span style="color:#f92672">(</span>testList<span style="color:#f92672">);</span> <span style="color:#75715e">//[test1, xioming, 张三, xioming, 张三, 李四]
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>    <span style="color:#75715e">//将list转为set,将后面重复的都去掉
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>    Map<span style="color:#f92672">&lt;</span><span style="color:#66d9ef">int</span><span style="color:#f92672">,</span>String<span style="color:#f92672">&gt;</span> map <span style="color:#f92672">=</span> testList<span style="color:#f92672">.</span><span style="color:#a6e22e">asMap</span><span style="color:#f92672">();</span>
    print<span style="color:#f92672">(</span>map<span style="color:#f92672">);</span> <span style="color:#75715e">//{0: test1, 1: xioming, 2: 张三, 3: xioming, 4: 张三, 5: 李四}
</span></code></pre></div><h5 id="连接-list-中的数据">连接 List 中的数据</h5>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-java" data-lang="java">    <span style="color:#75715e">///代码清单 1-3
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>List<span style="color:#f92672">&lt;</span>String<span style="color:#f92672">&gt;</span> testList <span style="color:#f92672">=</span> <span style="color:#f92672">[</span><span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;A&#34;</span><span style="color:#f92672">,</span> <span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;D&#34;</span><span style="color:#f92672">,</span>  <span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;F&#34;</span><span style="color:#f92672">,</span> <span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;F&#34;</span><span style="color:#f92672">,</span><span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;B&#34;</span><span style="color:#f92672">,</span> <span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;C&#34;</span><span style="color:#f92672">,];</span>
    print<span style="color:#f92672">(</span>testList<span style="color:#f92672">);</span> <span style="color:#75715e">//[A, D, F, F, B, C]
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>
    <span style="color:#75715e">///用指定的字符将List中每个元素都连接起来，返回一个字符串
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>    <span style="color:#75715e">/// 如这里将 List 中的数据 使用 , 号来连接
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>    String value <span style="color:#f92672">=</span> testList<span style="color:#f92672">.</span><span style="color:#a6e22e">join</span><span style="color:#f92672">(</span><span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;,&#34;</span><span style="color:#f92672">);</span>

    print<span style="color:#f92672">(</span>value<span style="color:#f92672">);</span><span style="color:#75715e">///A,D,F,F,B,C
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>
</code></pre></div><h5 id="合并-list-中的数据">合并 List 中的数据</h5>
<p>通过 List 的 followedBy 方法，可以合并 多个 List中的数据至一个 Iterable中，如下代码所示：</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-java" data-lang="java">    <span style="color:#75715e">///代码清单 1-4
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>	<span style="color:#75715e">///创建一个 List 并添加初始化数据
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>    List<span style="color:#f92672">&lt;</span><span style="color:#66d9ef">int</span><span style="color:#f92672">&gt;</span> list <span style="color:#f92672">=</span> <span style="color:#f92672">[</span>1<span style="color:#f92672">,</span>2<span style="color:#f92672">,</span>3<span style="color:#f92672">,</span>4<span style="color:#f92672">];</span>

    <span style="color:#75715e">///创建一个  List并添加初始化数据
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>    List<span style="color:#f92672">&lt;</span><span style="color:#66d9ef">int</span><span style="color:#f92672">&gt;</span> list2 <span style="color:#f92672">=</span> <span style="color:#f92672">[</span>2<span style="color:#f92672">,</span>3<span style="color:#f92672">,</span>4<span style="color:#f92672">,</span>5<span style="color:#f92672">];</span>

    <span style="color:#75715e">///将两个 List 中的数据合并成一个 Iterable
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>    Iterable<span style="color:#f92672">&lt;</span><span style="color:#66d9ef">int</span><span style="color:#f92672">&gt;</span> lsit3<span style="color:#f92672">=</span>list2<span style="color:#f92672">.</span><span style="color:#a6e22e">followedBy</span><span style="color:#f92672">(</span>list<span style="color:#f92672">);</span>
    print<span style="color:#f92672">(</span><span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;list: &#34;</span><span style="color:#f92672">+</span>list<span style="color:#f92672">.</span><span style="color:#a6e22e">toString</span><span style="color:#f92672">());</span><span style="color:#75715e">//list: [1, 2, 3, 4]
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>    print<span style="color:#f92672">(</span><span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;list2: &#34;</span><span style="color:#f92672">+</span>list2<span style="color:#f92672">.</span><span style="color:#a6e22e">toString</span><span style="color:#f92672">());</span><span style="color:#75715e">//list2: [2, 3, 4, 5]
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>    print<span style="color:#f92672">(</span><span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;list3: &#34;</span><span style="color:#f92672">+</span>lsit3<span style="color:#f92672">.</span><span style="color:#a6e22e">toString</span><span style="color:#f92672">());</span><span style="color:#75715e">//list3: (2, 3, 4, 5, 1, 2, 3, 4)
</span></code></pre></div><h5 id="随机排列-list中的数据顺序">随机排列 List中的数据顺序</h5>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-java" data-lang="java">        <span style="color:#75715e">///代码清单 1-5
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>	List<span style="color:#f92672">&lt;</span>String<span style="color:#f92672">&gt;</span> testList <span style="color:#f92672">=</span> <span style="color:#f92672">[</span><span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;test1&#34;</span><span style="color:#f92672">,</span> <span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;xioming&#34;</span><span style="color:#f92672">,</span> <span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;张三&#34;</span><span style="color:#f92672">,</span> <span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;xioming&#34;</span><span style="color:#f92672">,</span> <span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;张三&#34;</span><span style="color:#f92672">,</span> <span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;李四&#34;</span><span style="color:#f92672">];</span>
    print<span style="color:#f92672">(</span>testList<span style="color:#f92672">);</span> <span style="color:#75715e">//[test1, xioming, 张三, xioming, 张三, 李四]
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>    
    <span style="color:#75715e">//将list中数据 重新随机排列
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>    testList<span style="color:#f92672">.</span><span style="color:#a6e22e">shuffle</span><span style="color:#f92672">();</span>
    print<span style="color:#f92672">(</span>testList<span style="color:#f92672">);</span> <span style="color:#75715e">//[test1, xioming, xioming, 李四, 张三, 张三]
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>
</code></pre></div><h5 id="升序排列-list-中的数据">升序排列 List 中的数据</h5>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-java" data-lang="java">     <span style="color:#75715e">///代码清单 1-6
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>	List<span style="color:#f92672">&lt;</span>String<span style="color:#f92672">&gt;</span> testList <span style="color:#f92672">=</span> <span style="color:#f92672">[</span><span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;A&#34;</span><span style="color:#f92672">,</span> <span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;D&#34;</span><span style="color:#f92672">,</span>  <span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;F&#34;</span><span style="color:#f92672">,</span> <span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;F&#34;</span><span style="color:#f92672">,</span><span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;B&#34;</span><span style="color:#f92672">,</span> <span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;C&#34;</span><span style="color:#f92672">,];</span>
    print<span style="color:#f92672">(</span>testList<span style="color:#f92672">);</span> <span style="color:#75715e">//[A, D, F, F, B, C]
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>
    <span style="color:#75715e">///升序排列
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>    testList<span style="color:#f92672">.</span><span style="color:#a6e22e">sort</span><span style="color:#f92672">();</span>
    print<span style="color:#f92672">(</span>testList<span style="color:#f92672">);</span><span style="color:#75715e">//[A, B, C, D, F, F]
</span></code></pre></div><h5 id="去重复">去重复</h5>
<p>在 List 中保存的数据是允许重复的，通过 toSet 方法 将List转为Set ，可去除后面重复的元素，如下所示：</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-java" data-lang="java">     <span style="color:#75715e">///代码清单 1-7
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>	List<span style="color:#f92672">&lt;</span>String<span style="color:#f92672">&gt;</span> testList <span style="color:#f92672">=</span> <span style="color:#f92672">[</span><span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;test1&#34;</span><span style="color:#f92672">,</span> <span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;xioming&#34;</span><span style="color:#f92672">,</span> <span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;张三&#34;</span><span style="color:#f92672">,</span> <span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;xioming&#34;</span><span style="color:#f92672">,</span> <span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;张三&#34;</span><span style="color:#f92672">,</span> <span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;李四&#34;</span><span style="color:#f92672">];</span>
    print<span style="color:#f92672">(</span>testList<span style="color:#f92672">);</span> <span style="color:#75715e">//[test1, xioming, 张三, xioming, 张三, 李四]
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>    <span style="color:#75715e">//将list转为set,将后面重复的都去掉
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>    Set<span style="color:#f92672">&lt;</span>String<span style="color:#f92672">&gt;</span> set <span style="color:#f92672">=</span> testList<span style="color:#f92672">.</span><span style="color:#a6e22e">toSet</span><span style="color:#f92672">();</span>
    print<span style="color:#f92672">(</span>set<span style="color:#f92672">);</span> <span style="color:#75715e">//{test1, xioming, 张三, 李四}
</span></code></pre></div><h5 id="查找-list-中的元素">查找 List 中的元素</h5>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-java" data-lang="java">    List<span style="color:#f92672">&lt;</span>String<span style="color:#f92672">&gt;</span> list <span style="color:#f92672">=</span> <span style="color:#f92672">[</span><span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;test1&#34;</span><span style="color:#f92672">,</span> <span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;xioming&#34;</span><span style="color:#f92672">,</span> <span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;张三&#34;</span><span style="color:#f92672">,</span><span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;xioming&#34;</span><span style="color:#f92672">,</span> <span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;张三&#34;</span><span style="color:#f92672">,</span><span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;李四&#34;</span><span style="color:#f92672">];</span>

    <span style="color:#75715e">///从索引0处开始查找指定元素，返回指定元素的索引
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>    <span style="color:#66d9ef">int</span> index <span style="color:#f92672">=</span> list<span style="color:#f92672">.</span><span style="color:#a6e22e">indexOf</span><span style="color:#f92672">(</span><span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;张三&#34;</span><span style="color:#f92672">);</span> <span style="color:#75715e">///index 2
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>    <span style="color:#75715e">///
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>    <span style="color:#75715e">///从索引0处开始查找指定元素，如果存在返回元素索引，否则返回-1
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>    <span style="color:#66d9ef">int</span> index2 <span style="color:#f92672">=</span> list<span style="color:#f92672">.</span><span style="color:#a6e22e">indexOf</span><span style="color:#f92672">(</span><span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;张三&#34;</span><span style="color:#f92672">,</span>3<span style="color:#f92672">);</span> <span style="color:#75715e">///  4
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>    <span style="color:#75715e">///  
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>    <span style="color:#75715e">///从后往前查找，返回查找到的第一个元素的索引
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>    <span style="color:#66d9ef">int</span> index4 <span style="color:#f92672">=</span> list<span style="color:#f92672">.</span><span style="color:#a6e22e">lastIndexOf</span><span style="color:#f92672">(</span><span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;张三&#34;</span><span style="color:#f92672">);</span><span style="color:#75715e">/// 4
</span></code></pre></div><h5 id="获取-list-中指定位置的值">获取 List 中指定位置的值</h5>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-java" data-lang="java">    <span style="color:#75715e">///直接根据索引获取 0 号位置上的数据
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>    String  value <span style="color:#f92672">=</span> list<span style="color:#f92672">[</span>0<span style="color:#f92672">];</span>
    <span style="color:#75715e">/// 等效于 elementAt 方法获取
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>    String value1 <span style="color:#f92672">=</span> list<span style="color:#f92672">.</span><span style="color:#a6e22e">elementAt</span><span style="color:#f92672">(</span>0<span style="color:#f92672">);</span>
</code></pre></div><h5 id="list-中数据修改">List 中数据修改</h5>
<p>List中的数据修改操作方法就比较简单，如下代码清单 4-1所示：</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-java" data-lang="java">    <span style="color:#75715e">///代码清单 1-10
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>    List<span style="color:#f92672">&lt;</span>String<span style="color:#f92672">&gt;</span> list <span style="color:#f92672">=</span> <span style="color:#f92672">[</span><span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;test1&#34;</span><span style="color:#f92672">,</span> <span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;xioming&#34;</span><span style="color:#f92672">,</span> <span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;张三&#34;</span><span style="color:#f92672">,</span> <span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;李四&#34;</span><span style="color:#f92672">];</span>

    print<span style="color:#f92672">(</span><span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;list: &#34;</span> <span style="color:#f92672">+</span> list<span style="color:#f92672">.</span><span style="color:#a6e22e">toString</span><span style="color:#f92672">());</span> <span style="color:#75715e">//list: [test1, xioming, 张三, 李四]
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>
    <span style="color:#75715e">///修改数据
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>    list<span style="color:#f92672">[</span>0<span style="color:#f92672">]</span> <span style="color:#f92672">=</span> <span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;测试数据&#34;</span><span style="color:#f92672">;</span>
    
    print<span style="color:#f92672">(</span><span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;list: &#34;</span> <span style="color:#f92672">+</span> list<span style="color:#f92672">.</span><span style="color:#a6e22e">toString</span><span style="color:#f92672">());</span> <span style="color:#75715e">//list: [测试数据, xioming, 张三, 李四]
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>
</code></pre></div><p>通过 setRange 方法批量修改一定范围的数据，如下代码清单 4-2 所示：</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-java" data-lang="java"> <span style="color:#75715e">///代码清单 1-11
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>    List<span style="color:#f92672">&lt;</span>String<span style="color:#f92672">&gt;</span> list <span style="color:#f92672">=</span> <span style="color:#f92672">[</span><span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;test1&#34;</span><span style="color:#f92672">,</span> <span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;xioming&#34;</span><span style="color:#f92672">,</span> <span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;张三&#34;</span><span style="color:#f92672">,</span> <span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;李四&#34;</span><span style="color:#f92672">];</span>

    print<span style="color:#f92672">(</span><span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;list: &#34;</span> <span style="color:#f92672">+</span> list<span style="color:#f92672">.</span><span style="color:#a6e22e">toString</span><span style="color:#f92672">());</span> <span style="color:#75715e">//list: [test1, xioming, 张三, 李四]
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>    <span style="color:#75715e">///修改 索引范围为 [0,2) 也就是修改了 0号位与1号位上的元素
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>    list<span style="color:#f92672">.</span><span style="color:#a6e22e">setRange</span><span style="color:#f92672">(</span>0<span style="color:#f92672">,</span> 2<span style="color:#f92672">,</span> list2<span style="color:#f92672">);</span>

    print<span style="color:#f92672">(</span><span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;list: &#34;</span> <span style="color:#f92672">+</span> list<span style="color:#f92672">.</span><span style="color:#a6e22e">toString</span><span style="color:#f92672">());</span> <span style="color:#75715e">//list: [223, 35, 张三, 李四]
</span></code></pre></div><h5 id="list-中数据删除">List 中数据删除</h5>
<p>删除 List中1个元素，如下代码清单3-1 所示：</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-java" data-lang="java">    <span style="color:#75715e">///代码清单 1-12
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>    <span style="color:#75715e">///创建一个 List 并添加初始化数据
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>    List<span style="color:#f92672">&lt;</span>String<span style="color:#f92672">&gt;</span> list <span style="color:#f92672">=</span> <span style="color:#f92672">[</span><span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;test1&#34;</span><span style="color:#f92672">,</span> <span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;xioming&#34;</span><span style="color:#f92672">,</span> <span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;张三&#34;</span><span style="color:#f92672">,</span> <span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;李四&#34;</span><span style="color:#f92672">];</span>

    <span style="color:#75715e">///移除最后一个元素
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>    list<span style="color:#f92672">.</span><span style="color:#a6e22e">removeLast</span><span style="color:#f92672">();</span>

    <span style="color:#75715e">///移除指定索引位置的元素 如这里指定的 2号位置
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>    list<span style="color:#f92672">.</span><span style="color:#a6e22e">removeAt</span><span style="color:#f92672">(</span>2<span style="color:#f92672">);</span>

    <span style="color:#75715e">///移除List 中指定的元素
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>    list<span style="color:#f92672">.</span><span style="color:#a6e22e">remove</span><span style="color:#f92672">(</span><span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;张三&#34;</span><span style="color:#f92672">);</span>

</code></pre></div><p>通过 removeRange 方法可删除 List 中指定范围的多个元素，这个范围是连续的，如下代码清单3-2所示：</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-java" data-lang="java">    <span style="color:#75715e">///代码清单 1-13 
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>    <span style="color:#75715e">///创建一个 List 并添加初始化数据
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>    List<span style="color:#f92672">&lt;</span>String<span style="color:#f92672">&gt;</span> list <span style="color:#f92672">=</span> <span style="color:#f92672">[</span><span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;test1&#34;</span><span style="color:#f92672">,</span> <span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;xioming&#34;</span><span style="color:#f92672">,</span> <span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;张三&#34;</span><span style="color:#f92672">,</span> <span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;李四&#34;</span><span style="color:#f92672">];</span>

    print<span style="color:#f92672">(</span><span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;list: &#34;</span> <span style="color:#f92672">+</span> list<span style="color:#f92672">.</span><span style="color:#a6e22e">toString</span><span style="color:#f92672">());</span> <span style="color:#75715e">//list: [test1, xioming, 张三, 李四]
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>
    <span style="color:#75715e">///移除指定 索引区域的元素
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>    <span style="color:#75715e">///如这里移除索引范围为 [0,2) 也就是移除了 0号位与1号位上的元素
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>    list<span style="color:#f92672">.</span><span style="color:#a6e22e">removeRange</span><span style="color:#f92672">(</span>0<span style="color:#f92672">,</span> 2<span style="color:#f92672">);</span>


</code></pre></div><p>通过 removeWhere 方法可删除满足一定条件的元素数据，如下代码清单3-3所示:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-java" data-lang="java">    <span style="color:#75715e">///代码清单 1-14
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>    <span style="color:#75715e">///创建一个 List 并添加初始化数据
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>    List<span style="color:#f92672">&lt;</span>String<span style="color:#f92672">&gt;</span> list <span style="color:#f92672">=</span> <span style="color:#f92672">[</span><span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;test1&#34;</span><span style="color:#f92672">,</span> <span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;xioming&#34;</span><span style="color:#f92672">,</span> <span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;张三&#34;</span><span style="color:#f92672">,</span> <span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;李四&#34;</span><span style="color:#f92672">];</span>

    print<span style="color:#f92672">(</span><span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;list: &#34;</span> <span style="color:#f92672">+</span> list<span style="color:#f92672">.</span><span style="color:#a6e22e">toString</span><span style="color:#f92672">());</span> <span style="color:#75715e">//list: [test1, xioming, 张三, 李四]
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>
    <span style="color:#75715e">// 从List中中删除满足条件的所有对象。
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>    list<span style="color:#f92672">.</span><span style="color:#a6e22e">removeWhere</span><span style="color:#f92672">((</span>item<span style="color:#f92672">){</span>
      <span style="color:#75715e">///在这里 张三, 李四 的 length 分别为2 ，满足条件 所以会被删除
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>      <span style="color:#66d9ef">return</span> item<span style="color:#f92672">.</span><span style="color:#a6e22e">length</span> <span style="color:#f92672">==</span> 2<span style="color:#f92672">;</span>
    <span style="color:#f92672">});</span>
    print<span style="color:#f92672">(</span><span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;list: &#34;</span> <span style="color:#f92672">+</span> list<span style="color:#f92672">.</span><span style="color:#a6e22e">toString</span><span style="color:#f92672">());</span> <span style="color:#75715e">//list: [test1, xioming]
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>
</code></pre></div><p>通过 clear 方法可清空 List，也就是删除List中的所有的数据。</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-java" data-lang="java"> list<span style="color:#f92672">.</span><span style="color:#a6e22e">clear</span><span style="color:#f92672">();</span>
</code></pre></div><h2 id="set">Set</h2>
<p><strong>Set 是无序的；Set 是不允许添加重复元素；Set 不能使用下标来获取里面里面的元素，因为它是无序 的。</strong></p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-dart" data-lang="dart"><span style="color:#66d9ef">void</span> main() {
  <span style="color:#75715e">// 方式一：
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>  Set<span style="color:#f92672">&lt;</span><span style="color:#66d9ef">String</span><span style="color:#f92672">&gt;</span> letterSet <span style="color:#f92672">=</span> Set.from([<span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;A&#34;</span>, <span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;B&#34;</span>, <span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;C&#34;</span>]);
  letterSet.add(<span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;D&#34;</span>);
  letterSet.add(<span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;E&#34;</span>);
  <span style="color:#75715e">// 重复的元素将被忽视
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>  letterSet.add(<span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;A&#34;</span>);

  <span style="color:#75715e">// 使用 for..in.. 遍历 Set
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>  <span style="color:#66d9ef">for</span> (<span style="color:#66d9ef">String</span> letter <span style="color:#66d9ef">in</span> letterSet) {
    print(<span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;</span><span style="color:#e6db74">$</span>letter<span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;</span>);
  }

  print(<span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;&#39;</span>);
  
  <span style="color:#75715e">// 方式二：
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>  Set<span style="color:#f92672">&lt;</span><span style="color:#66d9ef">int</span><span style="color:#f92672">&gt;</span> numSet <span style="color:#f92672">=</span> Set();
  numSet.add(<span style="color:#ae81ff">0</span>);
  numSet.add(<span style="color:#ae81ff">1</span>);
  numSet.add(<span style="color:#ae81ff">2</span>);

  <span style="color:#75715e">// 使用 Lambda 遍历 Set
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>  numSet.forEach((value) <span style="color:#f92672">=&gt;</span> print(<span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;</span><span style="color:#e6db74">$</span>value<span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;</span>));
}

</code></pre></div><h2 id="map">Map</h2>
<p>Dart 中 Map 的特性和 Java 中的类似，都是以键值对的形式存放，Map 中的键是唯一的，但是值可以重复，Map 也是无序的。</p>
<p>下面看看 Dart 中 Map 的基本操作：</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-dart" data-lang="dart"><span style="color:#66d9ef">void</span> main() {
  Map<span style="color:#f92672">&lt;</span><span style="color:#66d9ef">String</span>, <span style="color:#66d9ef">String</span><span style="color:#f92672">&gt;</span> letterMap <span style="color:#f92672">=</span> Map();
  letterMap[<span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;a&#34;</span>] <span style="color:#f92672">=</span> <span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;A&#34;</span>;
  letterMap[<span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;b&#34;</span>] <span style="color:#f92672">=</span> <span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;B&#34;</span>;
  letterMap[<span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;c&#34;</span>] <span style="color:#f92672">=</span> <span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;C&#34;</span>;

  <span style="color:#75715e">// 检查是否存在某个 key
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>  letterMap.containsKey(<span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;a&#34;</span>);
  <span style="color:#75715e">// 更新某个 key 对应的 value，注意 value 为一个 Lambda 表达式
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>  letterMap.update(<span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;a&#34;</span>, (value) <span style="color:#f92672">=&gt;</span> <span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;</span><span style="color:#e6db74">${</span>value<span style="color:#e6db74">}</span><span style="color:#e6db74">AA&#34;</span>);

  <span style="color:#75715e">// 获取 Map 的长度
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>  letterMap.length;
  <span style="color:#75715e">// 删除 Map 中的某个元素
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>  letterMap.remove(<span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;c&#34;</span>);
  <span style="color:#75715e">// 清空 Map
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>  letterMap.clear();

  <span style="color:#75715e">// 遍历所有的 key
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>  <span style="color:#66d9ef">for</span> (<span style="color:#66d9ef">String</span> key <span style="color:#66d9ef">in</span> letterMap.keys) {
    print(<span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;</span><span style="color:#e6db74">$</span>key<span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;</span>);
  }

  print(<span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;&#39;</span>);

  <span style="color:#75715e">// 遍历所有的 value
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>  <span style="color:#66d9ef">for</span> (<span style="color:#66d9ef">String</span> value <span style="color:#66d9ef">in</span> letterMap.values) {
    print(<span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;</span><span style="color:#e6db74">$</span>value<span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;</span>);
  }

  print(<span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;&#39;</span>);

  <span style="color:#75715e">// 遍历所有的 key-value
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>  letterMap.forEach((key, value) <span style="color:#f92672">=&gt;</span> print(<span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;</span><span style="color:#e6db74">$</span>key<span style="color:#e6db74"> == </span><span style="color:#e6db74">$</span>value<span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;</span>));
}

</code></pre></div><p>上述代码中使用的是构造方法的方式来创建 Map，我们还可以使用一下方式来创建：</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-dart" data-lang="dart">  Map<span style="color:#f92672">&lt;</span><span style="color:#66d9ef">String</span>, <span style="color:#66d9ef">int</span><span style="color:#f92672">&gt;</span> studentScoreMap <span style="color:#f92672">=</span> {
    <span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;Jack&#34;</span><span style="color:#f92672">:</span> <span style="color:#ae81ff">90</span>,
    <span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;Rost&#34;</span><span style="color:#f92672">:</span> <span style="color:#ae81ff">100</span>,
    <span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;Mary&#34;</span><span style="color:#f92672">:</span> <span style="color:#ae81ff">30</span>,
    <span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;LiLei&#34;</span><span style="color:#f92672">:</span> <span style="color:#ae81ff">56</span>
  };

  studentScoreMap.forEach((name, <span style="color:#66d9ef">source</span>) <span style="color:#f92672">=&gt;</span> print(<span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;</span><span style="color:#e6db74">$</span>name<span style="color:#e6db74"> == </span><span style="color:#e6db74">$</span>source<span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;</span>));
</code></pre></div><h2 id="callable">Callable</h2>
<p>Callable 能让我们像调用方法一样调用某个类，不过我们在类中需要实现 <code>call</code> 方法：</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-dart" data-lang="dart"><span style="color:#66d9ef">void</span> main() {
  <span style="color:#66d9ef">var</span> personOne <span style="color:#f92672">=</span> Person();
  <span style="color:#66d9ef">var</span> info <span style="color:#f92672">=</span> personOne(<span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;Jack&#34;</span>, <span style="color:#ae81ff">18</span>);
  print(<span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;</span><span style="color:#e6db74">$</span>info<span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;</span>);
}

<span style="color:#66d9ef">class</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">Person</span> {
  <span style="color:#75715e">// 实现 call 方法
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>  <span style="color:#66d9ef">String</span> call(<span style="color:#66d9ef">String</span> name, <span style="color:#66d9ef">int</span> age) {
    <span style="color:#66d9ef">return</span> <span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;</span><span style="color:#e6db74">$</span>name<span style="color:#e6db74"> is </span><span style="color:#e6db74">$</span>age<span style="color:#e6db74"> years old&#34;</span>;
  }
}

</code></pre></div>
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